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Understanding hate speech
In common language, ¡Èhate speech¡É refers to offensive discourse targeting a group or an individual based on inherent characteristics (such as race, religion or gender) and that may threaten social peace.
United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech
In the context of this document, the term hate speech is understood as any kind of communication in speech, writing or behaviour, that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identity factor
ÂèȬ½½»°¾ò Âç³Ø¤Ï¡¢³Ø½Ñ¤ÎÃæ¿´¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢¹¤¯Ã챤ò¼ø¤±¤ë¤È¤È¤â¤Ë¡¢¿¼¤¯ÀìÌç¤Î³Ø·Ý¤ò¶µ¼ø¸¦µæ¤·¡¢ÃÎŪ¡¢Æ»ÆÁŪµÚ¤Ó±þÍÑŪǽÎϤòŸ³«¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤òÌÜŪ¤È¤¹¤ë¡£»ä¤ÎÃΤë¸Â¤ê¡¢ÅìµþÂç³Ø¤Î¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¶µ°÷¤Ï¡¢ÆüËܤòÂåɽ¤¹¤ëÂç³Ø¤Î¶µ°÷¤È¤·¤Æ¤Îââ×ô¤ÈÀÕǤ´¶¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¼Ò²ñ¤ÎȯŸ¤Ë´óÍ¿¤¹¤Ù¤¯¶µ°é¸¦µæ¤Ë¼è¤êÁȤó¤Ç¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£2 Âç³Ø¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ÎÌÜŪ¤ò¼Â¸½¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¶µ°é¸¦µæ¤ò¹Ô¤¤¡¢¤½¤ÎÀ®²Ì¤ò¹¤¯¼Ò²ñ¤ËÄ󶡤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢¼Ò²ñ¤ÎȯŸ¤Ë´óÍ¿¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤È¤¹¤ë¡£
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ÆüËÜÂç·¯¤ÎÌ¿¤òÀÁ¤¿¤ëĹºêÊô¹Ô¿åÌîÃÞ¸å¼é¸æÌÜÉձʰæ´äÇ·¾ç¤ÈÅì°õÅÙµÚ¤Ò¶¶á³¤¤Î±ÑÔ¢·³´Ï¤ò»Ø´ø¤¹¤ëÂè»°Åù¿å»ÕÄóÆÄ¥Ê¥¤¥È¡Ê¼ß̾¡Ë¥¼¡¼¥à¥¹¡¢¥¹¥Á¥ë¥ê¥ó¥°¤ÈƱ°ÕÌóÄꤹ¤ëÛ꡹º¸¤ÎÇ¡¤·Convention between Great Britain and Japan (1854)
It is agreed between Sir James Stirling, Knight, Rear-Admiral, and Commander-in-Chief of the Ships and Vessels of Her Britannic Majesty in the East Indies and Seas adjacent, and Mezi-no Chekfu-no Kami, Obunyo of Nagasaki, and Nagai Evan Ocho, Omedski of Nagasaki, ordered by His Imperial Highness the Emperor of Japan to act herein, That:-ÏÂʸ¤Î¡ÖÆüËÜÂç·¯¡×¤Ï¾·³¤ò»Ø¤¹¤â¤Î¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢±Ñ¸ì¤Ç His Imperial Highness the Emperor of Japan ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤Í¡£ÂçÀ¯Êô´Ô¤Þ¤Ç¡¢Âг°Åª¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¾·³¤ò¹ÄÄë¤È¤¹¤ëÄë¹ñ¤È¤¤¤¦·úÁ°¤À¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡£
It is agreed between Sir James Stirling, Knight, Rear-Admiral, and Commander-in-chief of the ships and vessels of Her Britannic Majesty in the East Indies and seas adjacent, and Mizu-no Chikugo-no Kami, Obugyo of Nagasaki, and Nagai Iwa-no jio, Ometske of Nagasaki, ordered by His Imperial Highness the Emperor of Japan to act herein, that:-¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢¿Í̾¡¦Ìò¿¦Ì¾¤Ê¤É¤Îɽµ¤¬±Ñ¹ñ´±Êó¤Î¤â¤Î¤È¿©¤¤°ã¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤Ê¤ª¡¢ÃÞ¸å¼é¤ò Chikugo-no Kami ¤È¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ïʬ¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤·¡¢´äÇ·¾ç¤ò Iwa-no jio ¤È¤¹¤ë¤Î¤â¤è¤¤¤«¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¿åÌî¤ò Mizu-no ¤È¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ï¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤ÈÊѤÀ¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
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International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
Article 1
1. In this Convention, the term ¡Èracial discrimination¡É shall mean any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.
2. This Convention shall not apply to distinctions, exclusions, restrictions or preferences made by a State Party to this Convention between citizens and non-citizens.
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Xenophobia refers to the irrational fear or dislike of people from different countries or cultures, often resulting in discrimination and social exclusion.ÇÓ³°¼çµÁ¤È¤¤¤¦¸ÀÍÕ¤¬Xenophobia¤ÎÌõ¸ì¤È¤·¤ÆÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤ò¤è¤¯¸«¤«¤±¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ï¸ÀÍդθíÍѤ¢¤ë¤¤¤ÏÍôÍѤǤ·¤ç¤¦¡£
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The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples does not include a definition of indigenous peoples.
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Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
Article 16
1. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in all
matters relating to marriage and family relations and in particular shall ensure, on a basis of equality
of men and women:
(g) The same personal rights as husband and wife, including the right to choose a family name, a profession and an occupation;
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Hans Samelson: Differential Forms, the Early Days; or the Stories of Deahna's Theorem and of Volterra's Theorem
The American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 108, (2001), pp. 522–530
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