## Tuesday Seminar on Topology

Date, time & place Tuesday 17:00 - 18:30 056Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.) KOHNO Toshitake, KAWAZUMI Nariya, KITAYAMA Takahiro, SAKASAI Takuya Tea: 16:30 - 17:00 Common Room

Seminar information archive

### 2018/11/20

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Takuya Sakasai (The University of Tokyo)
Torelli group, Johnson kernel and invariants of homology 3-spheres (JAPANESE)
[ Abstract ]
There are two filtrations of the Torelli group: One is the lower central series and the other is the Johnson filtration. They are closely related to Johnson homomorphisms as well as finite type invariants of homology 3-spheres. We compare the associated graded Lie algebras of the filtrations and report our explicit computational results. Then we discuss some applications of our computations. In particular, we give an explicit description of the rational abelianization of the Johnson kernel. This is a joint work with Shigeyuki Morita and Masaaki Suzuki.

### 2018/11/13

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Hidetoshi Masai (Tokyo Institute of Technology)
On continuity of drifts of the mapping class group (JAPANESE)
[ Abstract ]
When a group is acting on a space isometrically, we may consider the "translation distance" of random walks, which is called the drift of the random walk. In this talk we consider mapping class group acting on the Teichmüller space. We first recall several characterizations of the drift. The drift is determined by the transition probability of the random walk. The goal of this talk is to show that the drift varies continuously with the transition probability measure.

### 2018/11/08

10:30-12:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Michael Heusener (Université Clermont Auvergne)
Deformations of diagonal representations of knot groups into $\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb{C})$ (ENGLISH)
[ Abstract ]
This is joint work with Leila Ben Abdelghani, Monastir (Tunisia).

Given a manifold $M$, the variety of representations of $\pi_1(M)$ into $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$ and the variety of characters of such representations both contain information of the topology of $M$. Since the foundational work of W.P. Thurston and Culler & Shalen, the varieties of $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$-characters have been extensively studied. This is specially interesting for $3$-dimensional manifolds, where the fundamental group and the geometrical properties of the manifold are strongly related.

However, much less is known of the character varieties for other groups, notably for $\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb{C})$ with $n\geq 3$. The $\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb{C})$-character varieties for free groups have been studied by S. Lawton and P. Will, and the $\mathrm{SL}(3,\mathbb{C})$-character variety of torus knot groups has been determined by V. Munoz and J. Porti.

In this talk I will present some results concerning the deformations of diagonal representations of knot groups in basic notations and some recent results concerning the representation and character varieties of $3$-manifold groups and in particular knot groups. In particular, we are interested in the local structure of the $\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb{C})$-representation variety at the diagonal representation.

### 2018/11/06

17:30-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Shin-ichi Oguni (Ehime University)
Coarsely convex spaces and a coarse Cartan-Hadamard theorem (JAPANESE)
[ Abstract ]
A coarse version of negatively-curved spaces have been very well studied as Gromov hyperbolic spaces. Recently we introduced a coarse version of non-positively curved spaces, named them coarsely convex spaces and showed a coarse version of the Cartan-Hadamard theorem for such spaces in a joint-work with Tomohiro Fukaya (arXiv:1705.05588). Based on the work, I introduce coarsely convex spaces and explain a coarse Cartan-Hadamard theorem, ideas for proof and its applications to differential topology.

### 2018/10/30

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Hiroshige Shiga (Tokyo Institute of Technology)
The quasiconformal equivalence of Riemann surfaces and a universality of Schottky spaces (JAPANESE)
[ Abstract ]
In the theory of Teichmüller space of Riemann surfaces, we consider the set of Riemann surfaces which are quasiconformally equivalent. For topologically finite Riemann surfaces, it is quite easy to examine if they are quasiconformally equivalent or not. On the other hand, for Riemann surfaces of topologically infinite type, the situation is rather complicated.

In this talk, after constructing an example which shows the complexity of the problem, we give some geometric conditions for Riemann surfaces to be quasiconformally equivalent. Our argument enables us to see a universality of Schottky spaces.

### 2018/10/23

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
François Fillastre (Université de Cergy-Pontoise)
Co-Minkowski space and hyperbolic surfaces (ENGLISH)
[ Abstract ]
There are many ways to parametrize two copies of Teichmueller space by constant curvature -1 Riemannian or Lorentzian 3d manifolds (for example the Bers double uniformization theorem). We present the co-Minkowski space (or half-pipe space), which is a constant curvature -1 degenerated 3d space, and which is related to the tangent space of Teichmueller space. As an illustration, we give a new proof of a theorem of Thurston saying that, once the space of measured geodesic laminations on a compact hyperbolic surface is identified with the tangent space of Teichmueller space via infinitesimal earthquake, then the length of laminations is an asymmetric norm. Joint work with Thierry Barbot (Avignon).

### 2018/10/16

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Daniel Matei (IMAR Bucharest)
Resonance varieties and matrix tree theorems (ENGLISH)
[ Abstract ]
We discuss the resonance varieties, encoding vanishing of cohomology cup products, of various classes of finitely presented groups of geometric and combinatorial origin. We describe the ideals defining those varieties in terms spanning trees in a similar vein with the classical matrix tree theorem in graph theory. We present applications of this description to 3-manifold groups and Artin groups.

### 2018/10/09

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Boris Hasselblatt (Tufts University)
Foulon surgery, new contact flows, and dynamical complexity (ENGLISH)
[ Abstract ]
A refinement of Dehn surgery produces new contact flows that are unusual and interesting in several ways. The geodesic flow of a hyperbolic surface becomes a nonalgebraic contact Anosov flow with larger orbit growth, and the purely periodic fiber flow becomes parabolic or hyperbolic. Moreover, Reeb flows for other contact forms for the same contact structure have the same complexity. Finally, an idea by Vinhage promises a quantification of the complexity increase.

### 2018/10/02

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Yuanyuan Bao (The University of Tokyo)
An Alexander polynomial for MOY graphs (JAPANESE)
[ Abstract ]
An MOY graph is a trivalent graph equipped with a balanced coloring. In this talk, we define a version of Alexander polynomial for an MOY graph. This polynomial is the Euler characteristic of the Heegaard Floer homology of an MOY graph. We give a characterization of the polynomial, which we call MOY-type relations, and show that it is equivalent to Viro’s gl(1 | 1)-Alexander polynomial of a graph. (A part of the talk is a joint work of Zhongtao Wu)

### 2018/07/17

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Masaharu Ishikawa (Keio University)
Positive flow-spines and contact 3-manifolds (JAPANESE)
[ Abstract ]
A contact structure is a smooth distribution of hyperplanes on an odd-dimensional manifold that is non-integrable everywhere. In the case of dimension 3, there is a nice relationship between open book decompositions of 3-manifolds and contact structures up to contactomorphisms, called Giroux correspondence. A flow-spine is a spine of a 3-manifold admitting a flow such that it is transverse to the spine and the flow in the complement of the spine is diffeomorphic to a constant flow in an open ball. In this talk, we introduce some results in progress that give a correspondence between contact structures and positive flow-spines by regarding Reeb vector fields as flows of spines. This is a joint work with Y. Koda (Hiroshima) and H. Naoe (Tohoku).

### 2018/07/10

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Emmy Murphy (Northwestern University)
Loose Legendrians and arboreal singularities (ENGLISH)
[ Abstract ]
Given a Stein manifold X, under what conditions can we ensure that X is symplectomorphic to C^n? For n>2 the condition of X being diffeomorphic to C^n does not suffice, and many counterexamples have been constructed which are detected by symplectic cohomology and the Fukaya category. One might conjecture that the diffeomorphism type together with a vanishing Fukaya category characterizes C^n. While this question is currently well of of reach, we present some new partial results. The main tools we'll discuss are arboreal singularities, constructable sheaf theory, and loose Legendrians -- and how they fit together to approach this question.

### 2018/07/03

17:00-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Jun Yoshida (The University of Tokyo)
Symmetries on algebras and Hochschild homology in view of categories of operators (JAPANESE)
[ Abstract ]
The categorical construction of Hochschild homology by Connes reveals that the symmetric structure on the tensor product of abelian groups is essential. It means that the categorical meaning of ad-hoc generalizations of Hochschild homology in less symmetric monoidal abelian categories remains unclear. In this talk, I will propose formulation of this problem in terms of group operads introduced by Zhang. Moreover, for each group operad G, G-symmetric versions of categories of operators will be discussed. The notion plays a key role in defining Hochschild homology for homotopy algebras; such as topological Hochschild homology.

### 2018/06/19

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Hokuto Konno (The University of Tokyo)
Characteristic classes via 4-dimensional gauge theory (JAPANESE)
[ Abstract ]
Using gauge theory, more precisely SO(3)-Yang-Mills theory and Seiberg-Witten theory, I will construct characteristic classes of 4-manifold bundles. These characteristic classes are extensions of the SO(3)-Donaldson invariant and the Seiberg-Witten invariant to families of 4-manifolds, and can detect non-triviality of smooth 4-manifold bundles. The basic idea of the construction of these characteristic classes is to consider an infinite dimensional analogue of classical characteristic classes of manifold bundles, typified by the Mumford-Morita-Miller classes for surface bundles.

### 2018/06/19

14:30-16:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Kenji Fukaya (Simons center, SUNY)
Relative and equivariant Lagrangian Floer homology and Atiyah-Floer conjecture (JAPANESE)
[ Abstract ]
Atiyah-Floer conjecture concerns a relationship between Floer homology in Gauge theory and Lagrangian Floer homology. One of its difficulty is that the symplectic manifold on wich we consider Lagrangian Floer homology is in general singular. In this talk I will explain that, by using relative and equivariant version of Lagrangian Floer homology, we can resolve this problem and can at least state the conjecture as rigorous mathematical conjecture.

### 2018/06/12

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Yoshihiko Mitsumatsu (Chuo University)
Turbulization of 2-dimensional foliations on 4-manifolds (JAPANESE)
[ Abstract ]
This is a report on a joint work with Elmar VOGT(Freie Universität Berlin). For codimension 1 foliations, the process of turbulization, i.e., inserting a Reeb component along a closed transversal, is well-known, while for higher codimensional foliation, similar processes were not understood until around 2006.

In this talk, first we formulate the turbulization along a closed transversal. Then in our dimension setting, namely 2-dimensional foliations on 4-manifolds ((4,2)-foliations), a cohomological criterion is given for a given transversal to a foliation, which tells the turbulization is possible or not, relying on the Thurston's h-principle. Also we give cocrete geometric constructions of turbulizations.

The cohomological criterion for turbulization is deduced from a more general criterion for a given embedded surface to be a compact leaf or a closed transversal of some foliation, which is stated in terms of the euler classes of tangent and normal bndle of the foliation to look for. The anormalous cohomological solutions for certain cases suggested the geometric realization of turbulization, while the cohomological criterion is obtained by the h-principle.

Some other modifications are also formulated for (4,2)-foliations and their possibility are assured by the anormalous solutions mentioned above. For some of them, good geometric realizations are not yet known. So far the difficulty lies on the problem of the connected components of the space of representations of the surface groups to Diff S^1.

If the time permits, some special features on the h-principle for 2-dimensional foliations are also explained.

### 2018/06/05

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Hiroki Matui (Chiba University)
Topological full groups and generalizations of the Higman-Thompson groups (JAPANESE)
[ Abstract ]
For a topological dynamical system on the Cantor set, one can introduce its topological full group, which is a countable subgroup of the homeomorphism group of the Cantor set. The Higman-Thompson group V_n is regarded as the topological full group of the one-sided full shift over n symbols. Replacing the one-sided full shift with other dynamical systems, we obtain variants of the Higman-Thompson group. It is then natural to ask whether those generalized Higman-Thompson groups possess similar (or different) features. I would like to discuss isomorphism classes of these groups, finiteness properties, abelianizations, connections to C*-algebras and their K-theory, and so on.

### 2018/05/29

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Kouki Sato (The university of Tokyo)
A partial order on nu+ equivalence classes (JAPANESE)
[ Abstract ]
The nu+ equivalence is an equivalence relation on the knot concordance group. Hom proves that many concordance invariants derived from Heegaard Floer homology are invariant under nu+ equivalence. In this work, we introduce a partial order on nu+ equivalence classes, and study its algebraic and geometrical properties. As an application, we prove that any genus one knot is nu+ equivalent to one of the unknot, the trefoil and its mirror.

### 2018/05/22

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Doman Takata (The university of Tokyo)
An analytic index theory for infinite-dimensional manifolds and KK-theory (JAPANESE)
[ Abstract ]
The Atiyah-Singer index theorem is one of the monumental works in geometry and topology, which states the coincidence between analytic index and topological index on closed manifolds. The overall goal of my research is to formulate and prove an infinite dimensional version of this theorem. For this purpose, it is natural to begin with simple cases, and my current problem is the following: For infinite-dimensional manifolds equipped with a "proper and cocompact" action of the loop group of the circle, construct a loop group equivariant index theory, from the viewpoint of KK-theory. Although this project has not been completed, I have constructed several core objects for the analytic side of this problem, including a Hilbert space regarded as an "$L^2$-space", in arXiv:1701.06055 and arXiv:1709.06205. In this talk, I am going to report the progress so far.

### 2018/05/15

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Mutsuo Oka (Tokyo University of Science)
On the singularity theory of mixed hypersurfaces and some conjecture (JAPANESE)
[ Abstract ]
Consider a real algebraic variety of real codimension 2 defined by $V:=\{g(\mathbf x,\mathbf y)=h(\mathbf x,\mathbf y)=0\}$ in $\mathbb C^n=\mathbb R^n\times \mathbb R^n$. Put $\mathbf z=\mathbf x+i\mathbf y$ and consider complex valued real analytic function $f=g+ih$. Replace the variables $x_1,y_1\dots, x_n,y_n$ using the equality $x_j=(z_j+\bar z_j)/2,\, y_j=(z_j-\bar z_j)/2i$. Then $f$ can be understood to be an analytic functions of $z_j,\bar z_j$. We call $f$ a mixed function. In this way, $V=\{f(\mathbf z,\bar{\mathbf z})=0\}$ and we can use the techniques of complex analytic functions and the singularity theory developed there. In this talk, we explain basic properties of the singularity of mixed hyper surface $V(f)$ and give several open questions.

### 2018/05/08

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Dan Cristofaro-Gardiner (University of California, Santa Cruz)
Beyond the Weinstein conjecture (ENGLISH)
[ Abstract ]
The Weinstein conjecture states that any Reeb vector field on a closed manifold has at least one closed orbit. The three-dimensional case of this conjecture was proved by Taubes in 2007, and Hutchings and I later showed that in this case there are always at least 2 orbits. While examples exist with exactly two orbits, one expects that this lower bound can be significantly improved with additional assumptions. For example, a theorem of Hofer, Wysocki, and Zehnder states that a generic nondegenerate Reeb vector field associated to the "standard" contact structure on $S^3$ has either 2, or infinitely many, closed orbits. We prove that any nondegenerate Reeb vector field has 2 or infinitely many closed orbits as long as the associated contact structure has torsion first Chern class. This is joint work with Mike Hutchings and Dan Pomerleano.

### 2018/04/24

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Takahiro Yamamoto (Tokyo Gakugei University)
Singular Fibers of smooth maps and Cobordism groups (JAPANESE)
[ Abstract ]
Following the pioneering work of R.Thom, cobordism groups of smooth maps have been studied by some mathematicians. Especially, cobordism groups of Morse functions on closed manifolds was studied by O.Saeki and K.Ikegami, B.Kalmar. In this talk, we will introduce cobordism groups among Morse functions on compact manifolds with boundary and study the cobordism groups are trivial or not by using the theory of the universal complex of singular fibers of smooth maps.

### 2018/04/17

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Tamás Kálmán (Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Tight contact structures on Seifert surface complements and knot invariants (ENGLISH)
[ Abstract ]
In joint work with Daniel Mathews, we examined complements of standard Seifert surfaces of special alternating links and used Honda's method to enumerate those tight contact structures on them whose dividing sets are isotopic to the link. The number turns out to be the leading coefficient of the Alexander polynomial. The proof is rather combinatorial in nature; for example, the Euler classes of the contact structures are identified with `hypertrees' in a certain hypergraph. Using earlier results with Hitoshi Murakami and Alexander Postnikov, this yields a connection between contact topology and the Homfly polynomial. We also found that the contact invariants of our structures form a basis for the sutured Floer homology of the manifold.

### 2018/04/10

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Hisaaki Endo (Tokyo Institute of Technology)
On the Morse-Novikov number for 2-knots (JAPANESE)
[ Abstract ]
Pajitnov, Rudolph and Weber defined the Morse-Novikov number for classical links and studied their undamental properties in 2001. This invariant has been investigated in relation to (twisted) Alexander polynomials and the (twisted) Novikov homology. In this talk, we define the Morse-Novikov number for 2-knots and show its several properties. In particular, we describe its relations to motion pictures and spin constructions for 2-knots. This talk is based on joint works with Andrei Pajitnov (Nantes University).

### 2018/04/03

17:00-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Kei Irie (The University of Tokyo)
Chain level loop bracket and pseudo-holomorphic disks (JAPANESE)
[ Abstract ]
Let $L$ be a Lagrangian submanifold in a symplectic vector space which is closed, oriented and spin. Using virtual fundamental chains of moduli spaces of nonconstant pseudo-holomorphic disks with boundaries on $L$, one can define a Maurer-Cartan element of a Lie bracket operation in string topology (the loop bracket) defined at chain level. This idea is due to Fukaya, who also pointed out its important consequences in symplectic topology. In this talk I will explain how to rigorously carry out this idea. Our argument is based on a string topology chain model previously introduced by the speaker, and theory of Kuranishi structures on moduli spaces of pseudo-holomorphic disks, which has been developed by Fukaya-Oh-Ohta-Ono.

### 2018/03/30

15:00-16:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Matteo Felder (University of Geneva)
Graph Complexes and the Kashiwara-Vergne Lie algebra (ENGLISH)
[ Abstract ]
The Kashiwara-Vergne Lie algebra krv was introduced by A. Alekseev and C. Torossian. It describes the symmetries of the Kashiwara-Vergne problem in Lie theory. It has been shown to contain the Grothendieck-Teichmüller Lie algebra grt as a Lie subalgebra. Conjecturally, these two Lie algebras are expected to be isomorphic. An important theorem by T. Willwacher states that in degree zero the cohomology of M. Kontsevich's graph complex GC is isomorphic to grt. We will show how T. Willwacher's result induces a natural way to define a nested sequence of Lie subalgebras of krv whose intersection is grt. This infinite family therefore interpolates between the two Lie algebras. For this we will recall several techniques from the theory of graph complexes. If time permits, we will then sketch how one might generalize these notions to establish a "genus one" analogue of T. Willwacher theorem. More precisely, we will define a chain complex whose degree zero cohomology is given by a Lie subalgebra of the elliptic Grothendieck-Teichmüller Lie algebra introduced by B. Enriquez. The last part is joint work in progress with T. Willwacher.