## Tuesday Seminar on Topology

Date, time & place Tuesday 17:00 - 18:30 056Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.) KOHNO Toshitake, KAWAZUMI Nariya, KITAYAMA Takahiro, SAKASAI Takuya Tea: 16:30 - 17:00 Common Room

Seminar information archive

### 2007/11/06

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Thustion's inequality and open book foliations
[ Abstract ]
We will study codimension 1 foliations on 3-manifolds.
Thurston's inequality, which implies convexity of the foliation in
some sense, folds for Reebless foliations [Th]. We will discuss
whether the inequality holds or not for open book foliations.
[Th] W. Thurston: Norm on the homology of 3-manifolds, Memoirs of the
AMS, 339 (1986), 99--130.

### 2007/10/30

17:00-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

$L_{\\infty}$ action on Lagrangian filtered $A_{\\infty}$ algebras.
[ Abstract ]
I will discuss $L_{\\infty}$ actions on Lagrangian filtered
$A_{\\infty}$ algebras by cycles of the ambient symplectic
manifold. In the course of the construction,
I like to remark that the stable map compactification is not
sufficient in some case when we consider ones from genus zero
bordered Riemann surface. Also, if I have time, I like to discuss
some relation to (absolute) Gromov-Witten invariant and other
applications.
(This talk is based on my joint work with K.Fukaya, Y-G Oh and K. Ono.)

### 2007/10/23

16:30-18:00   Room #002 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Jun O'Hara (首都大学東京)
Spaces of subspheres and their applications
[ Abstract ]
The set of q-dimensional subspheres in S^n is a Grassmann manifold which has natural pseudo-Riemannian structure, and in some cases, symplectic structure as well. Both of them are conformally invariant.
I will explain some examples of their applications to geometric aspects of knots and links.

### 2007/10/16

17:00-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Toric Sasaki-Einstein manifolds
[ Abstract ]
A compact toric Sasaki manifold admits a Sasaki-Einstein metric if and only if it is obtained by the Delzant construction from a toric diagram of a constant height. As an application we see that the canonical line bundle of a toric Fano manifold admits a complete Ricci-flat K\\"ahler metric.

### 2007/10/09

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Classification of codimension-one locally free actions of the affine group of the real line.
[ Abstract ]
By GA, we denote the group of affine and orientation-preserving transformations
of the real line. In this talk, I will report on classification of locally free action of
GA on closed three manifolds, which I obtained recently. In 1979, E.Ghys proved
that if such an action preserves a volume, then it is smoothly conjugate to a homogeneous action. However, it was unknown whether non-homogeneous action exists. As a consequence of the classification, we will see that the unit tangent bundle of a closed surface of higher genus admits a finite-parameter family of
non-homogeneous actions.

### 2007/07/17

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Orbifold Cohomology of Wreath Product Orbifolds and
Cohomological HyperKahler Resolution Conjecture
[ Abstract ]
Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology ring was introduced in 2000 as
the degree zero genus zero orbifold Gromov-Witten invariants with
three marked points. We will review its construction in the case of
global quotient orbifolds, following Fantechi-Gottsche and
Jarvis-Kaufmann-Kimura. We will describe the orbifold cohomology of
wreath product orbifolds and explain its application to Ruan's
cohomological hyperKahler resolution conjecture.

### 2007/07/10

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Danny C. Calegari (California Institute of Technology)
Combable functions, quasimorphisms, and the central limit theorem
(joint with Koji Fujiwara)

[ Abstract ]
Quasimorphisms on groups are dual to stable commutator length,
and detect extremal phenomena in topology and dynamics. In typical groups
(even in a free group) stable commutator length is very difficult to
calculate, because the space of quasimorphisms is too large to study
directly without adding more structure.
In this talk, we show that a large class of quasimorphisms - the so-called
"counting quasimorphisms" on word-hyperbolic groups - can be effectively
described using simple machines called finite state automata. From this,
and from the ergodic theory of finite directed graphs, one can deduce a
number of properties about the statistical distribution of the values of a
counting quasimorphism on elements of the group.

### 2007/07/03

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Two invariants of pseudo--Anosov mapping classes: hyperbolic volume vs dilatation
(joint work with Mitsuhiko Takasawa)
[ Abstract ]
We concern two invariants of pseudo-Anosov mapping classes.
One is the dilatation of pseudo--Anosov maps and the other is the volume
of mapping tori. To study how two invariants are related, fixing a surface
we represent a mapping class by using the standard generator set and compute
these two for all pseudo--Anosov mapping classes with up to some word length.
In the talk, we observe two properties:

(1) The ratio of the topological entropy (i.e. logarithm of the dilatation) to
the volume is bounded from below by some positive constant which only
depends on the surface.

(2) The conjugacy class having the minimal dilatation reaches the minimal volume.

On the observation (1), in case of the mapping class group of a once--punctured
torus, we give a concrete lower bound of the ratio.

### 2007/06/12

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Tian-Jun Li (University of Minnesota)
The Kodaira dimension of symplectic 4-manifolds
[ Abstract ]
Various results and questions about symplectic4-manifolds can be
formulated in terms of the notion of the Kodaira dimension. In particular,
we will discuss the classification and the geography problems. It is interesting
to understand how it behaves undersome basic constructions.Time permitting
we will discuss the symplectic birational aspect of this notion and speculate
how to extend it to higher dimensional manifolds.

### 2007/06/05

17:00-18:30   Room #117 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Emmanuel Giroux (ENS Lyon)
Symplectic mapping classes and fillings
[ Abstract ]
We will describe a joint work in progress with Paul Biran in
which contact geometry is combined with properties of Lagrangian manifolds
in subcritical Stein domains to obtain nontrivaility results for symplectic
mapping classes.

### 2007/05/15

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Kontsevich's characteristic classes for higher dimensional homology sphere bundles
[ Abstract ]
As an analogue of the perturbative Chern-Simons theory, Maxim Kontsevich
constructed universal characteristic classes of smooth fiber bundles with fiber
diffeomorphic to a singularly framed odd dimensional homology sphere.
In this talk, I will give a sketch proof of our result on non-triviality of the
Kontsevich classes for 7-dimensional homology sphere bundles.

### 2007/05/08

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

On the vanishing of the Rohlin invariant
[ Abstract ]
The vanishing of the Rohlin invariant of an amphichiral integral
homology $3$-sphere $M$ (i.e. $M \\cong -M$) is a natural consequence
of some elementary properties of the Casson invariant. In this talk, we
give a new direct (and more elementary) proof of this vanishing
property. The main idea comes from the definition of the degree 1
part of the Kontsevich-Kuperberg-Thurston invariant, and we progress
by constructing some $7$-dimensional manifolds in which $M$ is embedded.

### 2007/04/24

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Realization of twisted $K$-theory and
finite-dimensional approximation of Fredholm operators
[ Abstract ]
A problem in twisted $K$-theory is to realize twisted $K$-groups generally by means of finite-dimensional geometric objects, like vector bundles. I would like to talk about an approach toward the problem by means of Mikio Furuta's generalized vector bundles. By using a twisted version of the generalized vector bundle and a finite-dimensional approximation of Fredholm operators, I construct a group into which there exists a natural injection from the twisted $K$-group twisted by any third integral cohomology class.

### 2007/04/17

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Existence Problem of Compact Locally Symmetric Spaces
[ Abstract ]
The local to global study of geometries was a major trend of 20th century geometry, with remarkable developments achieved particularly in Riemannian geometry. In contrast, in areas such as Lorentz geometry, familiar to us as the space-time of relativity theory, and more generally in pseudo-Riemannian geometry, as well as in various other kinds of geometry (symplectic, complex geometry, ...), surprising little is known about global properties of the geometry even if we impose a locally homogeneous structure.

In this talk, I will give a survey on the recent developments on the question about how the local geometric structure affects the global nature of non-Riemannian manifolds with emphasis on the existence problem of compact models of locally symmetric spaces.

### 2007/01/30

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
John F. Duncan (Harvard University)
Elliptic genera and some finite groups
[ Abstract ]
Recent developments in the representation theory of sporadic groups
suggest new formulations of `moonshine' in which Jacobi forms take on the
role played by modular forms in the monstrous case. On the other hand,
Jacobi forms arise naturally in the study of elliptic genera. We review
the use of vertex algebra as a tool for constructing the elliptic genus of
a suitable vector bundle, and illustrate connections between this and
vertex algebraic representations of certain sporadic simple groups.

### 2007/01/23

16:30-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

The twistor correspondence for self-dual Zollfrei metrics
----their singularities and reduction

[ Abstract ]
C. LeBrun and L. J. Mason investigated a twistor-type correspondence
between indefinite conformal structures of signature (2,2) with some properties
and totally real embeddings from RP^3 to CP^3.
In this talk, two themes following LeBrun and Mason are explained.

First we consider an additional structure:
the conformal structure is equipped with a null surface foliation
which has some singularity.
We establish a global twistor correspondence for such structures,
and we show that a low dimensional correspondence
between some quotient spaces is induced from this twistor correspondence.

Next we formulate a certain singularity for the conformal structures.
We generalize the formulation of LeBrun and Mason's theorem
admitting the singularity, and we show explicit examples.

On the homology group of $Out(F_n)$
[ Abstract ]
Suppose $F_n$ is the free group of rank $n$,
$Out(F_n) = Aut(F_n)/Inn(F_n)$ the outer automorphism group of $F_n$.
We compute $H_*(Out(F_n);\\mathbb{Q})$ for $n\\leq 6$ and conclude
that non-trivial classes in this range are generated
by Morita classes $\\mu_i \\in H_{4i}(Out(F_{2i+2});\\mathbb{Q})$.
Also we compute odd primary part of $H^*(Out(F_4);\\mathbb{Z})$.

### 2007/01/16

16:30-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

An $SO(3)$-version of $2$-torsion instanton invariants
[ Abstract ]
We construct invariants for simply connected, non-spin $4$-manifolds using torsion cohomology classes of moduli spaces of ASD connections on $SO(3)$-bundles. The invariants are $SO(3)$-version of Fintushel-Stern's $2$-torsion instanton invariants. We show that this $SO(3)$-torsion invariant of $2CP^2 \\# -CP^2$ is non-trivial, while it is known that any invariants of $2CP^2 \\# - CP^2$ coming from the Seiberg-Witten theory are trivial
since $2CP^2 \\# -CP^2$ has a positive scalar curvature metric.

On the non-acyclic Reidemeister torsion for knots
[ Abstract ]
The Reidemeister torsion is an invariant of a CW-complex and a representation of its fundamental group. We consider the Reidemeister torsion for a knot exterior in a homology three sphere and a representation given by the composition of an SL(2, C)- (or SU(2)-) representation of the knot group and the adjoint action to the Lie algebra.
We will see that this invariant is expressed by the differential coefficient of the twisted Alexander invariant of the knot and investigate some properties of the invariant by using this relation.

### 2006/12/19

16:30-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Poisson structures on the homology of the spaces of knots
[ Abstract ]
We study the homological properties of the space $K$ of (framed) long knots in $\\R^n$, $n>3$, in particular its Poisson algebra structures.
We had known two kinds of Poisson structures, both of which are based on the action of little disks operad. One definition is via the action on the space $K$. Another comes from the action of chains of little disks on the Hochschild complex of an operad, which appears as $E^1$-term of certain spectral sequence converging to $H_* (K)$. The main result is that these two Poisson structures are the same.
We compute the first non-trivial example of the Poisson bracket. We show that this gives a first example of the homology class of $K$ which does not directly correspond to any chord diagrams.

On projections of pseudo-ribbon sphere-links
[ Abstract ]
Suppose $F$ is an embedded closed surface in $R^4$.
We call $F$ a pseudo-ribbon surface link
if its projection is an immersion of $F$ into $R^3$
whose self-intersection set $\\Gamma(F)$ consists of disjointly embedded circles.
H. Aiso classified pseudo-ribbon sphere-knots ($F$ is a sphere.)
when $\\Gamma(F)$ consists of less than 6 circles.
We classify pseudo-ribbon sphere-links
when $F$ is two spheres and $\\Gamma(F)$ consists of less than 7 circles.

### 2006/12/12

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Maxim Kazarian (Steklov Math. Institute)
Thom polynomials for maps of curves with isolated singularities
(joint with S. Lando)
[ Abstract ]
Thom (residual) polynomials in characteristic classes are used in
the analysis of geometry of functional spaces. They serve as a
tool in description of classes Poincar\\'e dual to subvarieties of
functions of prescribed types. We give explicit universal
expressions for residual polynomials in spaces of functions on
complex curves having isolated singularities and
multisingularities, in terms of few characteristic classes. These
expressions lead to a partial explicit description of a
stratification of Hurwitz spaces.

### 2006/11/28

17:00-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

The Yamabe constants of infinite coverings and a positive mass theorem
[ Abstract ]
The {\\it Yamabe constant} $Y(M, C)$ of a given closed conformal manifold
$(M, C)$ is defined by the infimum of
the normalized total-scalar-curavarure functional $E$
among all metrics in $C$.
The study of the second variation of this functional $E$ led O.Kobayashi and Schoen
to independently introduce a natural differential-topological invariant $Y(M)$,
which is obtained by taking the supremum of $Y(M, C)$ over the space of all conformal classes.
This invariant $Y(M)$ is called the {\\it Yamabe invariant} of $M$.
For the study of the Yamabe invariant,
the relationship between $Y(M, C)$ and those of its conformal coverings
is important, the case when $Y(M, C)> 0$ particularly.
When $Y(M, C) \\leq 0$, by the uniqueness of unit-volume constant scalar curvature metrics in $C$,
the desired relation is clear.
When $Y(M, C) > 0$, such a uniqueness does not hold.
However, Aubin proved that $Y(M, C)$ is strictly less than
the Yamabe constant of any of its non-trivial {\\it finite} conformal coverings,
called {\\it Aubin's Lemma}.
In this talk, we generalize this lemma to the one for the Yamabe constant of
any $(M_{\\infty}, C_{\\infty})$ of its {\\it infinite} conformal coverings,
under a certain topological condition on the relation between $\\pi_1(M)$ and $\\pi_1(M_{\\infty})$.
For the proof of this, we aslo establish a version of positive mass theorem
for a specific class of asymptotically flat manifolds with singularities.

### 2006/11/14

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

High-codimensional knots spun about manifolds
[ Abstract ]
The spinning describes several methods of constructing higher-dimensional knots from lower-dimensional knots.
The original spinning (Emil Artin, 1925) has been generalized in various ways. Using one of the most generalized forms of spinning, called "deform-spinning about a submanifold" (Dennis Roseman, 1989), we analyze in a geometric way Haefliger's smoothly knotted (4k-1)-spheres in the 6k-sphere.

### 2006/11/10

17:40-19:00   Room #118 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

WRT invariant for Seifert manifolds and modular forms
[ Abstract ]
We study the SU(2) Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant for Seifert manifold. We disuss a relationship with the Eichler integral of half-integral modular form and Ramanujan mock theta functions.

### 2006/10/31

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Unsmoothable group actions on elliptic surfaces
[ Abstract ]
Let G be a cyclic group of order 3,5 or 7.
We prove the existence of locally linear G-actions on elliptic surfaces which can not be realized by smooth actions with respect to specific smooth structures.
To prove this, we give constraints on smooth actions by using gauge theory.
In fact, we use a mod p vanishing theorem on Seiberg-Witten invariants, which was originally proved by F.Fang.
We give a geometric alternative proof of this, which enables us to extend the theorem.

### 2006/10/24

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Marco Zunino (JSPS, University of Tokyo)
A review of crossed G-structures
[ Abstract ]
We present the definition of "crossed structures" as introduced by Turaev and others a few years ago. One of the original motivations in the introduction of these structures and of the related notion of a "Homotopy Quantum Field Theory" (HQFT) was the extension of Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants to the case of flat principal bundles on 3-manifolds. We resume both this aspect of the theory and other applications in both algebra and topology and we present our results on the algebraic structures involved.

### 2006/10/17

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Arnaud Deruelle (University of Tokyo)
Networking Seifert Fibered Surgeries on Knots (joint work with Katura Miyazaki and Kimihiko Motegi)
[ Abstract ]
We define a Seifert Surgery Network which consists of integral Dehn surgeries on knots yielding Seifert fiber spaces;here we allow Seifert fiber space with a fiber of index zero as degenerate cases. Then we establish some fundamental properties of the network. Using the notion of the network, we will clarify relationships among known Seifert surgeries. In particular, we demonstrate that many Seifert surgeries are closely connected to those on torus knots in Seifert Surgery Network. Our study suggests that the network enables us to make a global picture of Seifert surgeries.