## Tuesday Seminar on Topology

Date, time & place Tuesday 17:00 - 18:30 056Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.) KOHNO Toshitake, KAWAZUMI Nariya, KITAYAMA Takahiro, SAKASAI Takuya Tea: 16:30 - 17:00 Common Room

Seminar information archive

### 2009/12/01

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Andrei Pajitnov (Univ. de Nantes)
Non-Abelian Novikov homology
[ Abstract ]
Classical construction of S.P. Novikov
associates to each circle-valued Morse map
a chain complex defined over a ring
of Laurent power series in one variable.

In this survey talk we shall explain several
results related to the construction and
properties of non-Abelian generalizations of the
Novikov complex.

### 2009/11/24

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Adam Clay (University of British Columbia)
A topological approach to left orderable groups
[ Abstract ]
A group G is said to be left orderable if there is a strict
total ordering of its elements such that gin G. Left orderable groups have been useful in solving many problems in topology, and now we find that topology is returning the favour: the set of all left orderings of a group is denoted by LO(G), and it admits a natural topology, under which LO(G) becomes a compact topological
space. In general, the structure of the space LO(G) is not well understood, although there are surprising results in a few special cases.
For example, the space of left orderings of the braid group B_n for n>2
contains isolated points (yet it is uncountable), while the space of left
orderings of the fundamental group of the Klein bottle is finite.

Twice in recent years, the space of left orderings has been used very
successfully to solve difficult open problems from the field of left
orderable groups, even though the connection between the topology of LO(G) and the algebraic properties of G was still unclear. I will explain the
newest understanding of this connection, and highlight some potential

### 2009/11/17

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

On the $SO(N)$ and $Sp(N)$ free energy of a closed oriented 3-manifold
[ Abstract ]
We give an explicit formula of the $SO(N)$ and $Sp(N)$ free energy
of a lens space and show that the genus $g$ terms of it are analytic
in a neighborhood at zero, where we can choose the neighborhood
independently of $g$.
Moreover, it is proved that for any closed oriented 3-manifold $M$
and any $g$, the genus $g$ terms of $SO(N)$ and $Sp(N)$ free energy
of $M$ coincide up to sign.

### 2009/11/10

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Alexander Getmanenko (IPMU)
Resurgent analysis of the Witten Laplacian in one dimension
[ Abstract ]
I will recall Witten's approach to the Morse theory through properties of a certain differential operator. Then I will introduce resurgent analysis -- an asymptotic method used, in particular, for studying quantum-mechanical tunneling. In conclusion I will discuss how the methods of resurgent analysis can help us "see" pseudoholomorphic discs in the eigenfunctions of the Witten Laplacian.

### 2009/10/27

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Alex Bene (IPMU)
A new appearance of the Morita-Penner cocycle
[ Abstract ]
In this talk, I will recall the Morita-Penner cocycle on the dual fatgraph complex for a surface with one boundary component. This cocycle, when restricted to paths representing elements of the mapping class group, represents the extended first Johnson homomorphism \\tau_1, thus can be viewed as a (in some specific sense canonical) "groupoid extension" of \\tau_1. There are now several different contexts in which this cocycle can be constructed, and in this talk I will briefly review several of them, including one discovered in the context of finite type invariants of homology cylinders in joint work with J.E. Andersen, J-B. Meilhan, and R.C. Penner.

### 2009/10/20

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Torus fibrations and localization of index
[ Abstract ]
I will describe a localization of index of a Dirac type operator.
We make use of a structure of torus fibration, but the mechanism
of the localization does not rely on any group action. In the case of
Lagrangian fibration, we show that the index is described as a sum of
the contributions from Bohr-Sommerfeld fibers and singular fibers.
To show the localization we introduce a deformation of a Dirac type
operator for a manifold equipped with a fiber bundle structure which
satisfies a kind of acyclic condition. The deformation allows an
interpretation as an adiabatic limit or an infinite dimensional analogue
of Witten deformation.

Joint work with Hajime Fujita and Mikio Furuta.

### 2009/10/13

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Instanton Floer homology for lens spaces
[ Abstract ]
Let Y be an oriented closed 3-manifold and P be an SU(2)-bundle on Y. Under a certain condition, instanton Floer homology for Y can be defined as the Morse homology of the Chern-Simons functional. The condition is that all flat connections on P are irreducible. When there is a reducible flat connection on P, instanton Floer homology is not defined in general.
Since the fundamental group of a lens sapce is commutative, all flat connections on the lens space are reducible. In this talk I will introduce instanton Floer homology for lens spaces. I also show calculations for some lens spaces.

### 2009/09/29

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Sergei Duzhin (Steklov Mathematical Institute, Petersburg Division)
Symbol of the Conway polynomial and Drinfeld associator
[ Abstract ]
The Magnus expansion is a universal finite type invariant of pure braids
with values in the space of horizontal chord diagrams. The Conway polynomial
composed with the short circuit map from braids to knots gives rise to a
series of finite type invariants of pure braids and thus factors through
the Magnus map. We describe explicitly the resulting mapping from horizontal
chord diagrams on 3 strands to univariante polynomials and evaluate it on
the Drinfeld associator obtaining a beautiful generating function whose
coefficients are integer combinations of multple zeta values.

### 2009/07/14

17:00-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

The Cannon-Thurston maps and the canonical decompositions
of punctured-torus bundles over the circle.
[ Abstract ]
To each once-punctured-torus bundle over the circle
with pseudo-Anosov monodromy, there are associated two tessellations of the complex plane:
one is the triangulation of a horosphere induced by the canonical decomposition into ideal
tetrahedra, and the other is a fractal tessellation
given by the Cannon-Thurston map of the fiber group.
In this talk, I will explain the relation between these two tessellations
(joint work with Warren Dicks).
I will also explain the relation of the fractal tessellation and
the "circle chains" of double cusp groups converging to the fiber group
(joint work with Caroline Series).
If time permits, I would like to discuss possible generalization of these results
to higher-genus punctured surface bundles.

### 2009/06/30

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Torsion volume forms and twisted Alexander functions on
character varieties of knots

[ Abstract ]
Using non-acyclic Reidemeister torsion, we can canonically
construct a complex volume form on each component of the
lowest dimension of the $SL_2(\\mathbb{C})$-character
This volume form enjoys a certain compatibility with the
following natural transformations on the variety.
Two of them are involutions which come from the algebraic
structure of $SL_2(\\mathbb{C})$ and the other is the
action by the outer automorphism group of the link group.
Moreover, in the case of knots these results deduce a kind
of symmetry of the $SU_2$-twisted Alexander functions
which are globally described via the volume form.

### 2009/06/23

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

The Meyer functions for projective varieties and their applications
[ Abstract ]
Meyer function is a kind of secondary invariant related to the signature
of surface bundles over surfaces. In this talk I will show there exist uniquely the Meyer function
for each smooth projective variety.
Our function is a class function on the fundamental group of some open algebraic variety.
I will also talk about its application to local signature for fibered 4-manifolds

### 2009/06/16

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

The abelianization of the level 2 mapping class group
[ Abstract ]
The level d mapping class group is a finite index subgroup of the mapping class group of an orientable closed surface. For d greater than or equal to 3, the abelianization of this group is equal to the first homology group of the moduli space of nonsingular curves with level d structure.
In this talk, we determine the abelianization of the level d mapping class group for d=2 and odd d. For even d greater than 2, we also determine it up to a cyclic group of order 2.

### 2009/06/09

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

A finite-dimensional construction of the Chern character for
twisted K-theory
[ Abstract ]
Twisted K-theory is a variant of topological K-theory, and
is attracting much interest due to applications to physics recently.
Usually, twisted K-theory is formulated infinite-dimensionally, and
hence known constructions of its Chern character are more or less
abstract. The aim of my talk is to explain a purely finite-dimensional
construction of the Chern character for twisted K-theory, which allows
us to compute examples concretely. The construction is based on
twisted version of Furuta's generalized vector bundle, and Quillen's
superconnection.
This is a joint work with Yuji Terashima.

### 2009/06/02

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Alexander Voronov (University of Minnesota)
Graph homology: Koszul duality = Verdier duality
[ Abstract ]
Graph cohomology appears in computation of the cohomology of the moduli space of Riemann surfaces and the outer automorphism group of a free group. In the former case, it is graph cohomology of the commutative and Lie types, in the latter it is ribbon graph cohomology, that is to say, graph cohomology of the associative type. The presence of these three basic types of algebraic structures hints at a relation between Koszul duality for operads and Poincare-Lefschetz duality for manifolds. I will show how the more general Verdier duality for certain sheaves on the moduli spaces of graphs associated to Koszul operads corresponds to Koszul duality of operads. This is a joint work with Andrey Lazarev.

### 2009/05/26

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Configuration space integrals and the cohomology of the space of long embeddings

[ Abstract ]
It is known that some non-trivial cohomology classes, such as finite type invariants for (long) 1-knots (Bott-Taubes, Kohno, ...) and invariants for codimension two, odd dimensional long embeddings (Bott, Cattaneo-Rossi, Watanabe) are given as configuration space integrals associated with trivalent graphs.
In this talk, I will describe more cohomology classes by means of configuration space integral, in particular those arising from non-trivalent graphs and a new formulation of the Haefliger invariant for long 3-embeddings in 6-space, in relation to Budney's little balls operad action and Roseman-Takase's deform-spinning.
This is in part a joint work with Tadayuki Watanabe.

### 2009/05/19

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Mark Hamilton (東京大学大学院数理科学研究科, JSPS)
Geometric quantization of integrable systems
[ Abstract ]
The theory of geometric quantization is one way of producing a "quantum system" from a "classical system," and has been studied a great deal over the past several decades. It also has surprising ties to representation theory. However, despite this, there still does not exist a satisfactory theory of quantization for systems with singularities.

Geometric quantization requires the choice of a polarization; when using a real polarization to quantize a regular enough manifold, a result of Sniatycki says that the quantization can be found by counting certain objects, called Bohr-Sommerfeld fibres. However, there are many types of systems to which this result does not apply. One such type is the class of completely integrable systems, which are examples coming from mechanics that have many nice properties, but which are nontheless too singular for Sniatycki's theorem to apply.

In this talk we will explore one approach to the quantization of integrable systems, and show a Sniatycki-type relationship to Bohr-Sommerfeld fibres. However, some surprising features appear, including infinite-dimensional contributions and strong dependence on the polarization.

This is joint work with Eva Miranda.

### 2009/05/12

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Discrete subgroups of the group of circle diffeomorphisms
[ Abstract ]
Typical examples of discrete subgroups of the group of circle diffeomorphisms
are Fuchsian groups.
In this talk, we construct discrete subgroups of the group of
orientation-preserving
real analytic cirlcle diffeomorphisms
which are not topologically conjugate to finite coverings of Fuchsian groups.

### 2009/04/28

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

The ambient metric in conformal geometry
[ Abstract ]
In 1985, Charles Fefferman and Robin Graham gave a method for realizing a conformal manifold of dimension n as a submanifold of a Ricci-flat Lorentz metric on a manifold of dimension n+2, which is now called the ambient space. Using this correspondence, one can construct many examples of conformal invariants and conformally invariant operators. However, if n is even, their construction of the ambient space is obstructed at the jet of order n/2 and thereby the application of the ambient space was limited. In this talk, I'll recall basic ideas of the ambient space and then explain how to avoid the difficulty and go beyond the obstruction. This is a joint work with Robin Graham.

### 2009/04/21

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Ivan Marin (Univ. Paris VII)
Some algebraic aspects of KZ systems
[ Abstract ]
Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov (KZ) systems enables one
to construct representations of (generalized)
braid groups. While this geometric construction is
now very well understood, it still brings to
attention, or helps constructing, new algebraic objects.
In this talk, we will present some of them, including an
infinitesimal version of Iwahori-Hecke algebras and a
generalization of the Krammer representations of the usual
braid groups.

### 2009/03/05

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Shicheng Wang (Peking University)
Extending surface automorphisms over 4-space
[ Abstract ]
Let $e: M^p\\to R^{p+2}$ be a co-dimensional 2 smooth embedding
from a closed orientable manifold to the Euclidean space and $E_e$ be the subgroup of ${\\cal M}_M$, the mapping class group
of $M$, whose elements extend over $R^{p+2}$ as self-diffeomorphisms. Then there is a spin structure
on $M$ derived from the embedding which is preserved by each $\\tau \\in E_e$.

Some applications: (1) the index $[{\\cal M}_{F_g}:E_e]\\geq 2^{2g-1}+2^{g-1}$ for any embedding $e:F_g\\to R^4$, where $F_g$
is the surface of genus $g$. (2) $[{\\cal M}_{T^p}:E_e]\\geq 2^p-1$ for any unknotted embedding
$e:T^p\\to R^{p+2}$, where $T^p$ is the $p$-dimensional torus. Those two lower bounds are known to be sharp.

This is a joint work of Ding-Liu-Wang-Yao.

### 2009/01/27

17:00-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Lagrangian Floer homology and quasi homomorphism
from the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphism

[ Abstract ]
Entov-Polterovich constructed quasi homomorphism
from the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms using
spectral invariant due to Oh etc.
In this talk I will explain a way to study this
quasi homomorphism by using Lagrangian Floer homology.
I will also explain its generalization to use quantum
cohomology with bulk deformation.
When applied to the case of toric manifold, it
gives an example where (infinitely) many quasi homomorphism
exists.
(Joint work with Oh-Ohta-Ono).

### 2009/01/20

16:30-17:30   Room #002 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Five dimensional $K$-contact manifolds of rank 2
[ Abstract ]
A $K$-contact manifold is an odd dimensional manifold $M$ with a contact form $\\alpha$ whose Reeb flow preserves a Riemannian metric on $M$. For examples, the underlying manifold with the underlying contact form of a Sasakian manifold is $K$-contact. In this talk, we will state our results on classification up to surgeries, the existence of compatible Sasakian metrics and a sufficient condition to be toric for closed $5$-dimensional $K$-contact manifolds with a $T^2$ action given by the closure of the Reeb flow, which are obtained by the application of Morse theory to the contact moment map for the $T^2$ action.

### 2009/01/20

17:30-18:30   Room #002 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Surface links which are coverings of a trivial torus knot (JAPANESE)
[ Abstract ]
We consider surface links which are in the form of coverings of a
trivial torus knot, which we will call torus-covering-links.
spun $T^2$-knots, turned spun $T^2$-knots, and symmetry-spun tori.
We see some properties of torus-covering-links.

### 2009/01/13

16:30-17:30   Room #002 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

Compactification of the homeomorphism group of a graph
[ Abstract ]
Topological properties of homeomorphism groups, especially of finite-dimensional manifolds,
have been of interest in the area of infinite-dimensional manifold topology.
For a locally finite graph $\\Gamma$ with countably many components,
the homeomorphism group $\\mathcal{H}(\\Gamma)$
and its identity component $\\mathcal{H}_+(\\Gamma)$ are topological groups
with respect to the compact-open topology. I will define natural compactifications
$\\overline{\\mathcal{H}}(\\Gamma)$ and
$\\overline{\\mathcal{H}}_+(\\Gamma)$ of these groups and describe the
topological type of the pair $(\\overline{\\mathcal{H}}_+(\\Gamma), \\mathcal{H}_+(\\Gamma))$
using the data of $\\Gamma$. I will also discuss the topological structure of
$\\overline{\\mathcal{H}}(\\Gamma)$ where $\\Gamma$ is the circle.

### 2008/12/09

16:30-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Bertrand Deroin (CNRS, Orsay, Universit\'e Paris-Sud 11)
Tits alternative in $Diff^1(S^1)$
[ Abstract ]
The following form of Tits alternative for subgroups of
homeomorphisms of the circle has been proved by Margulis: or the group
preserve a probability measure on the circle, or it contains a free
subgroup on two generators. We will prove that if the group acts by diffeomorphisms of
class $C^1$ and does not preserve a probability measure on the circle, then
in fact it contains a subgroup topologically conjugated to a Schottky group.
This is a joint work with V. Kleptsyn and A. Navas.