Discrete mathematical modelling seminar

Seminar information archive ~03/27Next seminarFuture seminars 03/28~

Organizer(s) Tetsuji Tokihiro, Ralph Willox

Seminar information archive

2023/08/30

16:30-17:30   Room #370 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Joshua Capel (University of New South Wales)
Classical structure theory for second-order semi-degenerate super-integrable systems (English)
[ Abstract ]
Second-order superintegrable systems have long been a subject of interest in the study of integral systems, primarily due to their close connection with separation of variables. Among these, the 'non-degenerate' second-order systems on constant curvature spaces have been particularly well studies, and are mostly understood.

A non-degenerate system in n-dimensions comprises an (n+1)-dimensional vector space of potentials, along with 2n-1 second-order constants that commute with the Hamiltonian of the system.

In contrast, a semi-degenerate system is characterised by having fewer than n+1 parameters. In this talk, we will discuss the structure theory of truly n-dimensional potentials (meaning potentials that are not just restrictions of (n+1)-dimensional counterparts). We will see that the classical structure theory appears just as rich as the non-degenerate case.

This talk is joint work with Jeremy Nugent and Jonathan Kress.

2023/07/13

17:30-18:30   Online
This seminar will be held using Zoom. If you wish to participate, please contact R. Willox by email.
Galina Filipuk (University of Warsaw)
On the Painlevé XXV - Ermakov equation (English)
[ Abstract ]
We study a nonlinear second order ordinary differential equation which we call the Ermakov-Painlevé XXV equation since under certain restrictions on its coefficients it can be reduced to the Ermakov or the Painlevé XXV equation. The Ermakov-Painlevé XXV equation also arises from a generalized Riccati equation and the related third order linear differential equation via the Schwarzian derivative. Starting from the Riccati equation and the second-order element of the Riccati chain as the simplest examples of linearizable equations, by introducing a suitable change of variables, it is shown how the Schwarzian derivative represents a key tool in the construction of solutions. Two families of Bäcklund transformations, which link the linear and nonlinear equations under investigation, are obtained. Some analytical examples will be given and discussed.

The talk will be mainly based on the paper
S. Carillo, A. Chichurin, G. Filipuk, F. Zullo, Schwarzian derivative, Painleve XXV--Ermakov equation and Backlund transformations, accepted in Mathematische Nachrichten, https://doi.org/10.1002/mana.202200180, available at arXiv:2201.02267 [nlin.SI].

2023/06/08

18:15-19:15   Online
This seminar will be held using Zoom. If you wish to participate, please contact R. Willox by email.
Andy Hone (University of Kent)
Deformations of Zamolodchikov periodicity, discrete integrability and the Laurent property (English)
[ Abstract ]
Zamolodchikov periodicity was a conjectured property of Y-systems observed in exactly solvable models of quantum field theory associated with simple Lie algebras. The advent of Fomin & Zelevinsky's theory of cluster algebras provided an ideal mathematical framework for proving and formulating extensions of this property. Recently we have found a family of birational maps which deforms the periodic dynamics observed by Zamolodchikov, and destroys the Laurent property that is an inherent feature of cluster dynamics, but still preserves integrability. In this talk we present a variety of examples of deformed integrable maps in types A, B & D, and show how to restore the Laurent property in higher dimensions. This is the combined result of joint work with Grabowski, Kouloukas, Kim and Mase.

2023/01/13

13:15-14:45   Room #126 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Andy Hone (University of Kent)
An infinite sequence of Heron triangles with two rational medians (English)
[ Abstract ]
Triangles with integer length sides and integer area are known as Heron triangles. Taking rescaling freedom into account, one can apply the same name when all sides and the area are rational numbers. A perfect triangle is a Heron triangle with all three medians being rational, and it is a longstanding conjecture that no such triangle exists. However, despite an assertion by Schubert that even two rational medians are impossible, Buchholz and Rathbun showed that there are infinitely many Heron triangles with two rational medians, an infinite subset of which are associated with rational points on an elliptic curve E(Q) with Mordell-Weil group Z x Z/2Z, and they observed a connection with a pair of Somos-5 sequences. Here we make the latter connection more precise by providing explicit formulae for the integer side lengths, the two rational medians, and the area in this infinite family of Heron triangles. The proof uses a combined approach to Somos-5 sequences and associated Quispel-Roberts-Thompson (QRT) maps in the plane, from several different viewpoints: complex analysis, real dynamics, and reduction modulo a prime.

2023/01/11

13:15-16:45   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Joe Harrow (University of Kent) 13:15-14:45
Determinantal expressions for Ohyama polynomials (English)
[ Abstract ]
The Ohyama polynomials provide algebraic solutions of the D7 case of the Painleve III equation at a particular sequence of parameter values. It is known that many special function solutions of Painleve equations are expressed in terms of tau functions that can be written in the form of determinants, but until now such a representation for the Ohyama polynomials was not known. Here we present two different determinantal formulae for these polynomials: the first, in terms of Wronskian determinants related to a Darboux transformation for a Lax pair of KdV type; and the second, in terms of Hankel determinants, which is related to the Toda lattice. If time permits, then connections with orthogonal polynomials, and with the recent Riemann-Hilbert approach of Buckingham & Miller, will briefly be mentioned.
Andy Hone (University of Kent) 15:15-16:45
Discrete dynamics, continued fractions and hyperelliptic curves (English)
[ Abstract ]
After reviewing some standard facts about continued fractions for quadratic irrationals, we switch from the real numbers to the field of Laurent series, and describe some classical and more recent results on continued fraction expansions for the square root of an even degree polynomial, and other functions defined on the associated hyperelliptic curve. In the latter case, we extend results of van der Poorten on continued fractions of Jacobi type (J-fractions), and explain the connection with a family of discrete integrable systems (including Quispel-Roberts-Thompson maps and Somos sequences), orthogonal polynomials, and the Toda lattice. If time permits, we will make some remarks on current work with John Roberts and Pol Vanhaecke, concerning expansions involving the square root of an odd degree polynomial, Stieltjes continued fractions, and the Volterra lattice.

2022/11/30

15:00-16:30   Room #128 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Mikhail Bershtein (Skoltech・HSE / IPMU)
Folding transformations for q-Painleve equations (English)
[ Abstract ]
Folding transformation of the Painleve equations is an algebraic (of degree greater than 1) transformation between solutions of different equations. In 2005 Tsuda, Okamoto and Sakai classified folding transformations of differential Painleve equations. These transformations are in correspondence with automorphisms of affine Dynkin diagrams. We give a complete classification of folding transformations of the q-difference Painleve equations, these transformations are in correspondence with certain subdiagrams of the affine Dynkin diagrams (possibly with automorphism). The method is based on Sakai's approach to Painleve equations through rational surfaces.
Based on joint work with A. Shchechkin [arXiv:2110.15320]

2022/08/18

15:00-16:00   Room #117 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Anton Dzhamay (University of Northern Colorado)
Different Hamiltonians for Painlevé Equations and their identification using geometry of the space of
initial conditions (English)
[ Abstract ]
It is well-known that differential Painlevé equations can be written in a Hamiltonian form. However, a coordinate form of such representation is far from unique – there are many very different Hamiltonians that result in the same differential Painlevé equation. In this paper we describe a systematic procedure of finding
changes of coordinates transforming different Hamiltonian systems into some canonical form.
Our approach is based on the Okamoto-Sakai geometric approach to Painlevé equations. We explain this approach using the differential P-IV equation as an example, but the procedure is general and can be easily adapted to other Painlevé equations as well. (Joint work with Galina Filipuk, Adam Ligeza and Alexander Stokes.)

2021/10/28

19:00-20:00   Online
This seminar will be held using Zoom. If you wish to participate, please contact R. Willox by email.
Andrew Hone (University of Kent)
Deformations of cluster mutations and invariant presymplectic forms
[ Abstract ]
We consider deformations of sequences of cluster mutations in finite type cluster algebras, which destroy the Laurent property but preserve the presymplectic structure defined by the exchange matrix. The simplest example is the Lyness 5-cycle, arising from the cluster algebra of type A_2: this deforms to the Lyness family of integrable symplectic maps in the plane. For types A_3 and A_4 we find suitable conditions such that the deformation produces a two-parameter family of Liouville integrable maps (in dimensions two and four, respectively). We also perform Laurentification for these maps, by lifting them to a higher-dimensional space of tau functions with a cluster algebra structure, where the Laurent property is restored. More general types of deformed mutations associated with affine Dynkin quivers are shown to correspond to four-dimensional symplectic maps arising as reductions of the discrete sine-Gordon equation.

2021/07/07

17:15-19:00   Online
This seminar will be held using Zoom. If you wish to participate, please contact R. Willox by email.
Iwao Shinsuke (Tokai University)
Combinatorics of K-theoretic special polynomials -- free fermion representation and integrable systems (Japanese)

2021/06/30

17:15-18:45   Online
This seminar will be held using Zoom. If you wish to participate, please contact R. Willox by email.
Joe PALLISTER (Chiba University)
Affine A and D cluster algebras: Dynamical systems, triangulated surfaces and friezes (English)
[ Abstract ]
We first review the dynamical systems previously obtained for affine A and D type cluster algebras, given by the "cluster map", and the periodic quantities found for these systems. Then, by viewing the clusters as triangulations of appropriate surfaces, we show that all cluster variables either:

(i) Appear after applying the cluster map
(ii) Can be written as a determinant function of the periodic quantities.

Finally we show that the sets of cluster variables (i) and (ii) both form friezes.

2021/06/23

18:00-19:30   Online
This seminar will be held using Zoom. If you wish to participate, please contact R. Willox by email.
Alexander STOKES (University College London)
Singularity confinement in delay-differential Painlevé equations (English)
[ Abstract ]
Singularity confinement is a phenomenon first proposed as an integrability criterion for discrete systems, and has been used to great effect to obtain discrete analogues of the Painlevé differential equations. Its geometric interpretation has played a role in novel connections between discrete integrable systems and birational algebraic geometry, including Sakai's geometric framework and classification scheme for discrete Painlevé equations.
Examples of delay-differential equations, which involve shifts and derivatives with respect to a single independent variable, have been proposed as analogues of the Painlevé equations according to a number of viewpoints. Among these are observations of a kind of singularity confinement and it is natural to ask whether this could lead to the development of a geometric theory of delay-differential Painlevé equations.
In this talk we review previously proposed examples of delay-differential Painlevé equations and what is known about their singularity confinement behaviour, including some recent results establishing the existence of infinite families of confined singularities. We also propose a geometric interpretation of these results in terms of mappings between jet spaces, defining certain singularities analogous to those of interest in the singularity analysis of discrete systems, and what it means for them to be confined.

2021/01/13

17:00-18:00   Online
This seminar will be held using Zoom. If you wish to participate, please contact R. Willox by email.
Akihito Yoneyama (Institute of Physics, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the University of Tokyo)
Tetrahedron and 3D reflection equation from PBW bases of the nilpotent subalgebra of quantum superalgebras (in Japanese)
[ Abstract ]
We study transition matrices of PBW bases of the nilpotent subalgebra of quantum superalgebras associated with all possible Dynkin diagrams of type A and B in the case of rank 2 and 3, and examine relationships with three-dimensional (3D) integrability. We obtain new solutions to the Zamolodchikov tetrahedron equation via type A and the 3D reflection equation via type B, where the latter equation was proposed by Isaev and Kulish as a 3D analog of the reflection equation of Cherednik. As a by-product of our approach, the Bazhanov-Sergeev solution to the Zamolodchikov tetrahedron equation is characterized as the transition matrix for a particular case of type A, which clarifies an algebraic origin of it. Our work is inspired by the recent developments connecting transition matrices for quantum non-super algebras with intertwiners of irreducible representations of quantum coordinate rings. We also discuss the crystal limit of transition matrices, which gives a super analog of transition maps of Lusztig's parametrizations of the canonical basis.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13385

2020/12/09

17:00-18:30   Online
This seminar will be held using Zoom. If you wish to participate, please contact R. Willox by email.
Anton DZHAMAY (University of Northern Colorado)
Gap probabilities in the Laguerre unitary ensemble and discrete Painlevé equations (English)
[ Abstract ]
We use Sakai’s geometric theory of discrete Painlevé equations to study a recurrence relation that can be used to generate ladder operators for the Laguerre unitary ensemble. Using a recently proposed identification procedure for discrete Painlevé equations we show how this recurrence can be transformed into one of the standard equations on the affine D5-algebraic surface. This is a joint work with Yang Chen and Jie Hu.

2020/11/18

17:00-18:00   Online
This seminar will be held using Zoom. If you wish to participate, please contact R. Willox by email.
Giorgio GUBBIOTTI (The University of Sydney, School of Mathematics and Statistics)
Recent developments on variational difference equations and their classification (English)
[ Abstract ]
We review some recent development in the theory of variational difference equations of order higher than two. In particular we present our recent solution of the inverse problem of calculus variations. Then, we present the application of such solution in the classification of variational fourth-order difference equations. To be more specific, we will present the most general form of variational additive and multiplicative fourth-order difference equations.

2020/11/11

17:00-18:00   Online
The seminar will be held using Zoom. If you wish to participate, please contact R. Willox by email.
Atsushi NAGAI (Tsuda University, Department of Computer Science)
Discrete Sobolev inequalities and their applications -- from periodic lattices to 1812 C60 fullerene isomers (Japanese)

2020/06/24

15:00-16:30   Online
The seminar will be held using Zoom. If you wish to participate, please contact R. Willox by email.
Martin Skrodzki (RIKEN iTHEMS)
Combinatorial and Asymptotical Results on the Neighborhood Grid Data Structure (English)
[ Abstract ]
In 2009, Joselli et al. introduced the Neighborhood Grid data structure for fast computation of neighborhood estimates in point clouds. Even though the data structure has been used in several applications and shown to be practically relevant, it is theoretically not yet well understood. The purpose of this talk is to present a polynomial-time algorithm to build the data structure. Furthermore, we establish the presented algorithm to be time-optimal. This investigations leads to several combinatorial questions for which partial results are given.

2020/02/17

16:30-18:30   Room #126 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Sanjay Ramassamy (IPhT, CEA Saclay)
Cluster algebras, dimer models and geometric dynamics
[ Abstract ]
Cluster algebras were introduced by Fomin and Zelevinsky at the beginning of the 21st century and have since then been related to several areas of mathematics. In this talk I will describe cluster algebras coming from quivers and give two concrete situations were they arise. The first is the bipartite dimer model coming from statistical mechanics. The second is in several dynamics on configurations of points/lines/circles/planes.

This is based on joint work with Niklas Affolter (TU Berlin), Max Glick (Google) and Pavlo Pylyavskyy (University of Minnesota).

2020/02/13

16:30-18:30   Room #126 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Sanjay Ramassamy (IPhT, CEA Saclay)
Embeddings adapted to two-dimensional models of statistical mechanics (English)
[ Abstract ]
A discrete model of statistical mechanics in 2D (for example simple random walk on the infinite square grid) can be defined on a graph without specifying a particular embedding of this graph. However, when stating that such a model converges to a conformally invariant object in the scaling limit, one needs to specify an embedding of the graph. For models which possess a local move, such as a star-triangle transformation, one would like the choice of the embedding to be compatible with that local move.

In this talk I will present a candidate for an embedding adapted to the 2D dimer model (a.k.a. random perfect matchings) on bipartite graphs, that is, graphs whose faces all have an even degree. This embedding is obtained by considering centers of circle patterns with the combinatorics of the graph on which the dimer model lives.

This is based on joint works with Dmitry Chelkak (École normale supérieure), Richard Kenyon (Yale University), Wai Yeung Lam (Université du Luxembourg) and Marianna Russkikh (MIT).

2019/11/22

17:00-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Adam Doliwa (University of Warmia and Mazury)
The Hopf algebra structure of coloured non-commutative symmetric functions
[ Abstract ]
The Hopf algebra of symmetric functions (Sym), especially its Schur function basis, plays an important role in the theory of KP hierarchy. The Hopf algebra of non-commutative symmetric functions (NSym) was introduced by Gelfand, Krob, Lascoux, Leclerc, Retakh and Thibon. In my talk I would like to present its "A-coloured" version NSym_A and its graded dual - the Hopf algebra QSym_A of coloured quasi-symmetric functions. It turns out that these two algebras are both non-commutative and non-cocommutative (for |A|>1), and their product and coproduct operations allow for simple combinatorial meaning. I will also show how the structure of the poset of sentences over alphabet A (A-coloured compositions) gives rise to a description of the corresponding coloured version of the ribbon Schur basis of NSym_A.

2019/10/10

17:00-18:00   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Boris Konopelchenko (INFN, sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy)
Universal parabolic regularization of gradient catastrophes for the Burgers-Hopf equation and singularities of the plane into plane mappings of parabolic type (English)
[ Abstract ]
Two intimately connected topics, namely, regularization of gradient catastrophes of all orders for the Burgers-Hopf equation via the Jordan chain and the singularities of the plane into plane mappings
associated with two-component hydrodynamic type systems of parabolic type are discussed.
It is shown that the regularization of all gradient catastrophes (generic and higher orders) for the Burgers-Hopf equation is achieved by the step by step embedding of the Burgers-Hopf equation into multi-component parabolic systems of quasilinear PDEs with the most degenerate Jordan blocks. Infinite parabolic Jordan chain provides us with the complete regularization. This chain contains Burgers and KdV equations as particular reductions.
It is demonstrated that the singularities of the plane into planes mappings associated with the two-component system of quasilinear PDEs of parabolic type are quite different from those in hyperbolic and elliptic cases. Impediments arising in the application of the original Whitney's approach to such case are discussed. It is shown that flex is the lowest singularity while higher singularities are given by ( k+1,k+2) curves which are of cusp type for k=2n+1, n=1,2,...,. Regularization of these singularities is discussed.

Presentation is based on two publications:

1. B. Konopelchenko and G. Ortenzi, Parabolic regularization of the gradient catastrophes for the Burgers-Hopf equation and Jordan chain, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor., 51 (2018) 275201.

2. B.G. Konopelchenko and G. Ortenzi, On the plane into plane mappings of hydrodynamic type. Parabolic case. Rev. Math. Phys.,32 (2020) 2020006. Online access. arXiv:1904.00901.

2019/10/04

17:30-18:30   Room #118 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Anton Dzhamay (University of Northern Colorado)
Recurrence coefficients for discrete orthogonal polynomials with hypergeometric weight and discrete Painlevé equations (English)
[ Abstract ]
Over the last decade it became clear that the role of discrete Painlevé equations in applications has been steadily growing. Thus, the question of recognizing a certain non-autonomous recurrence as a discrete Painlevé equation and understanding its position in Sakai’s classification scheme, recognizing whether it is equivalent to some known (model) example, and especially finding an explicit change of coordinates transforming it to such example, becomes one of the central ones. Fortunately, Sakai’s geometric theory provides an almost algorithmic procedure of answering this question.
In this work we illustrate this procedure by studying an example coming from the theory of discrete orthogonal polynomials. There are many connections between orthogonal polynomials and Painlevé equations, both differential and discrete. In particular, often the coefficients of three-term recurrence relations for orthogonal polynomials can be expressed in terms of solutions of some discrete Painlevé equation. In this work we study orthogonal polynomials with general hypergeometric weight and show that their recurrence coefficients satisfy, after some change of variables, the standard discrete Painlevé-V equation. We also provide an explicit change of variables transforming this equation to the standard form.
This is joint work with Galina Filipuk (University of Warsaw, Poland) and Alexander Stokes (University College, London, UK)

2019/04/22

17:15-18:30   Room #118 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Yuri Suris (Technische Universität Berlin)
Geometry of the Kahan-Hirota-Kimura discretization
[ Abstract ]
We will report on some novel results concerning the bilinear discretization of quadratic vector fields.

2018/11/20

15:00-16:30   Room #002 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)

2018/11/19

17:15-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Dinh T. Tran (School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney)
Integrability for four-dimensional recurrence relations
[ Abstract ]
In this talk, we study some fourth-order recurrence relations (or mappings). These recurrence relations were obtained by assuming that they possess two polynomial integrals with certain degree patterns.
For mappings with cubic growth, we will reduce them to three-dimensional ones using a procedure called deflation. These three-dimensional maps have two integrals; therefore, they are integrable in the sense of Liouville-Arnold. Furthermore, we can reduce the obtained three-dimensional maps to two-dimensional maps of Quispel-Roberts-Thompsons (QRT) type. On the other hand, for recurrences with quadratic growth and two integrals, we will show that they are integrable in the sense of Liouville-Arnold by providing their Poisson brackets. Non-degenerate Poisson brackets can be found by using the existence of discrete Lagrangians and a discrete analogue of the Ostrogradsky transformation.
This is joint work with G. Gubbiotti, N. Joshi, and C-M. Viallet.

2018/06/25

17:30-18:30   Room #056 (Graduate School of Math. Sci. Bldg.)
Anton Dzhamay (University of Northern Colorado)
Gap Probabilities and discrete Painlevé equations
[ Abstract ]
It is well-known that important statistical quantities, such as gap probabilities, in various discrete probabilistic models of random matrix type satisfy the so-called discrete Painlevé equations, which provides an effective way to computing them. In this talk we discuss this correspondence for a particular class of models, known as boxed plane partitions (equivalently, lozenge tilings of a hexagon). For uniform probability distribution, this is one of the most studied models of random surfaces. Borodin, Gorin, and Rains showed that it is possible to assign a very general elliptic weight to the distribution, with various degenerations of this weight corresponding to the degeneration cascade of discrete polynomial ensembles, such as Racah and Hahn ensembles and their q-analogues. This also correspond to the degeneration scheme of discrete Painlevé equations, due to Sakai. In this talk we consider the q-Hahn and q-Racah ensembles and corresponding discrete Painlevé equations of types q-P(A_{2}^{(1)}) and q-P(A_{1}^{(1)}).
This is joint work with Alisa Knizel (Columbia University)

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