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    <title>C*-cross norm for commutative C*-algebras</title>
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    <h1 class="title">C*-cross norm for commutative C*-algebras</h1>



    <p>Not. Let <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>A</mi>



      </math> be a commutative C*-algebra, <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>B</mi>



      </math> a C*-algebra.</p>



    <p>Note that we can consider a left action of the unitary group

      <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>U</mi>

	<mo>(</mo><msup><mi>B</mi> <mo>+</mo></msup><mo>)</mo>

      </math> of the unitization <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<msup><mi>B</mi> <mo>+</mo></msup>



      </math> of <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>B</mi>



      </math> by <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>u</mi>

	<mo>.</mo><mi>&phi;</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>&phi;</mi><mo>(</mo><msup><mi>u</mi> <mo>*</mo></msup><mi>bu</mi><mo>)</mo>

      </math>.</p>



    <p>Fact (Noncommutative Lusin's theorem) Let <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>&tau;</mi>

	<mo>:</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&rightarrow;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>K</mi><mo>)</mo>

      </math> be an irreducible representation of <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>B</mi>



      </math>, <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>x</mi>



      </math> and <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>y</mi>



      </math> unit

      vectors of <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>K</mi>



      </math>. There exists a unitary element <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>b</mi>



      </math> of <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<msup><mi>B</mi> <mo>+</mo></msup>



      </math>

      satisfying <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>&tau;</mi>

	<mo>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>)</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>y</mi>

      </math>.</p>



    <p>Dfn. A seminorm <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>&alpha;</mi>



      </math> on the algebraic tensor product <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>A</mi>

	<mo>&otimes;</mo><mi>B</mi>

      </math> is said to be a C*-cross norm when (i) the completion <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>A</mi>

	<msub><mo>&otimes;</mo> <mi>&alpha;</mi></msub><mi>B</mi>

      </math> is a C*-algebra compatible with the *-algebra

      structure on <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>A</mi>

	<mo>&otimes;</mo><mi>B</mi>

      </math>, (ii) <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>&alpha;</mi>

	<mo>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>&otimes;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&DoubleVerticalBar;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>&DoubleVerticalBar;</mo><mo>.</mo><mo>&DoubleVerticalBar;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&DoubleVerticalBar;</mo>

      </math> for any <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>a</mi>

	<mo>&Element;</mo><mi>A</mi>

      </math> and <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>b</mi>

	<mo>&Element;</mo><mi>B</mi>

      </math>.</p>



    <p>Rem. The injective C*-norm is a C*-cross norm.</p>



    <p>We have seen that any C*-cross norm <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>&alpha;</mi>



      </math> on <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>A</mi>

	<mo>&otimes;</mo><mi>B</mi>

      </math> is

      majored by the injective C*-norm because any irreducible

      representation of <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>A</mi>

	<mo>&otimes;</mo><mi>B</mi>

      </math> is decomposed as a tensor product

      of irreducible representations of <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>A</mi>



      </math> and <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>B</mi>



      </math>. In fact we have the

      converse inequality, C*-cross norm on <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>A</mi>

	<mo>&otimes;</mo><mi>B</mi>

      </math> is unique.</p>



    <p>What we have to check out is that we have an extension <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>A</mi>

	<msub><mo>&otimes;</mo> <mi>&alpha;</mi></msub><mi>B</mi><mo>&rightarrow;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>H</mi><mover><mrow><mo>&otimes;</mo>

	  </mrow><mo>&OverBar;</mo></mover><mi>K</mi><mo>)</mo>

      </math> for any pair of

      irreducible representations <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>&sigma;</mi>

	<mo>:</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&rightarrow;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>H</mi><mo>)</mo>

      </math> and <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>&tau;</mi>

	<mo>:</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&rightarrow;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>K</mi><mo>)</mo>

      </math>. Taking (arbitrary) vectors <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>h</mi>

	<mo>&Element;</mo><mi>H</mi>

      </math> and <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>k</mi>

	<mo>&Element;</mo><mi>K</mi>

      </math>, we can extend <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>&sigma;</mi>

	<mo>&otimes;</mo><mi>&tau;</mi>

      </math> on <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>A</mi>

	<msub><mo>&otimes;</mo> <mi>&alpha;</mi></msub><mi>B</mi>

      </math>

      if and only if the product functional <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<msub><mi>&omega;</mi> <mi>h</mi></msub>

	<mo>&sdot;</mo><msub><mi>&omega;</mi> <mi>k</mi></msub>

      </math> is

      continuous with respect to <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>&alpha;</mi>



      </math> where <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<msub><mi>&omega;</mi> <mi>h</mi></msub>



      </math> is the pure

      functional defined by <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>&sigma;</mi>



      </math> and <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>h</mi>



      </math>.</p>



    <p>Put <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='block'>

	<msub><mi>S</mi> <mi>&alpha;</mi></msub>

	<mo>=</mo><mo>{</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>&phi;</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>&psi;</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&Element;</mo><mi>P</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&times;</mo><mi>P</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>:</mo><mi>&phi;</mi><mo>&sdot;</mo><mi>&psi;</mi><mtext> is continuous with respect to </mtext><mi>&alpha;</mi><mo>}</mo>

      </math> and

      suppose it was not the whole <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>P</mi>

	<mo>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&times;</mo><mi>P</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>)</mo>

      </math>. Note that

      <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<msub><mi>S</mi> <mi>&alpha;</mi></msub>



      </math> is w*-closed in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>P</mi>

	<mo>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&times;</mo><mi>P</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>)</mo>

      </math> and closed under the

      action of <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>U</mi>

	<mo>(</mo><msup><mi>A</mi> <mo>+</mo></msup><mo>)</mo><mo>&times;</mo><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><msup><mi>B</mi> <mo>+</mo></msup><mo>)</mo>

      </math>. Hence there exist w*-closed

      unitary invariant subsets <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>F</mi>



      </math> of <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>P</mi>

	<mo>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>)</mo>

      </math> and <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>G</mi>



      </math> of <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>P</mi>

	<mo>(</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>)</mo>

      </math> such that

      <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<msub><mi>S</mi> <mi>&alpha;</mi></msub>

	<mo>&subset;</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>&times;</mo><mi>P</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&cup;</mo><mi>P</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&times;</mo><mi>G</mi>

      </math>.</p>



    <p>Fact. ``Polar set'' operation gives a bijective (and

      order-reversing) correspondence between the closed ideals of <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>B</mi>



      </math>

      and the w*-closed subsets of <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>P</mi>

	<mo>(</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>)</mo>

      </math> which are closed under the

      action of <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>U</mi>

	<mo>(</mo><msup><mi>B</mi> <mo>+</mo></msup><mo>)</mo>

      </math>.</p>



    <p>Thus we get nonzero positive elements <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>a</mi>

	<mo>&Element;</mo><msup><mi>F</mi> <mo>&circ;</mo></msup>

      </math> and <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>b</mi>

	<mo>&Element;</mo><msup><mi>G</mi> <mo>&circ;</mo></msup>

      </math>. This means tensor <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>a</mi>

	<mo>&otimes;</mo><mi>b</mi>

      </math> is mapped to zero under

      any irreducible representation of <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>

	<mi>A</mi>

	<msub><mo>&otimes;</mo> <mi>&alpha;</mi></msub><mi>B</mi>

      </math> which is a

      contradiction.</p>
    <div class="footer"><p>This document was written by Yamashita Makoto. Last update on 2006-01-17.</p></div>
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